Associate Professor Greg Smith

Associate Professor Greg Smith

Associate Professor
Medicine & Health
School of Biomedical Sciences

 

Current Research Areas

How do schizophrenia drugs affect glucose metabolism?

The second generation antipsychotic drugs olanzapine and clozapine are the most effect medications for treating schizophrenia. But they also induce diabetes in a large number of people taking these drugs. Our research has uncovered new explanations on how these drugs cause alterations in glucose metabolism. We are now focused on replicating our results in the clinic.  

Defining the role of retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) on glucose production and cellular signalling events in the liver.

Recently, RBP4 has been linked with obesity and diabetes  in people. We recently found high levels of RBP4 in obese people with diabetes but immediately after bariatric surgery the levels dropped along with blood glucose. We are very interested in studying the role of RBP4 in glucose production and cellular signalling in the liver.

The role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in hepatic glucose production

For a number of years it has been thought that IL-6 regulates hepatic glucose production in response to exercise. We have set up an isolated liver system to test the direct effect of IL-6 on hepatic glucose production with the aim of uncovering the role of IL-6 in liver metabolism.

 

Honours and Awards

  • Foundation of Science, Research and Technology Fellowship, New Zealand (2012-2014)

 

Phone
029385 8075
Location
School of Medical Sciences Level 3 Room 326, Wallace Wurth Building East
  • Book Chapters | 2019
    Osborne B; Brandon A; Smith GC; Turner N, 2019, 'Impact of Lifestyle and Clinical Interventions on Mitochondrial Function in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes', in Morio B; Pénicaud L; Rigoulet M (ed.), Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, Elsevier, pp. 367 - 397, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-01694-7
    Book Chapters | 2019
    Osborne B; Brandon AE; Smith GC; Turner N, 2019, 'Chapter 16 Impact of Lifestyle and Clinical Interventions on Mitochondrial Function in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes', in Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, Elsevier, pp. 367 - 397, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811752-1.00016-x
    Book Chapters | 2019
    Osborne B; Brandon AE; Smith GC; Turner N, 2019, 'Impact of lifestyle and clinical interventions on mitochondrial function in obesity and type 2 diabetes', in Morio B; Penicaud L; Rigoulet M (ed.), Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, pp. 367 - 397, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811752-1.00016-X
  • Journal articles | 2023
    Higham SM; Mendham AE; Rosenbaum S; Allen NG; Smith G; Stadnyk A; Duffield R, 2023, 'Effects of concurrent exercise training on body composition, systemic inflammation, and components of metabolic syndrome in inactive academics: a randomised controlled trial', European Journal of Applied Physiology, 123, pp. 809 - 820, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05108-w
    Journal articles | 2023
    Kim LJ; Chalmers TJ; Madawala R; Smith GC; Li C; Das A; Poon EWK; Wang J; Tucker SP; Sinclair DA; Quek LE; Wu LE, 2023, 'Host–microbiome interactions in nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) deamidation', FEBS Letters, 597, pp. 2196 - 2220, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14698
    Journal articles | 2023
    Yoffe A; Liu J; Smith G; Chisholm O, 2023, 'Regulatory Reform Outcomes and Accelerated Regulatory Pathways for New Prescription Medicines in Australia', Therapeutic Innovation and Regulatory Science, 57, pp. 271 - 286, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-022-00465-2
    Journal articles | 2022
    Lee K; Vakili S; Burden HJ; Adams S; Smith GC; Kulatea B; Wright-McNaughton M; Sword D; Watene-O'Sullivan C; Atiola RD; Paul RG; Plank LD; Kallingappa P; King F; Wilcox P; Merriman TR; Krebs JD; Hall RM; Murphy R; Merry TL; Shepherd PR, 2022, 'The minor allele of the CREBRF rs373863828 p.R457Q coding variant is associated with reduced levels of myostatin in males: Implications for body composition', MOLECULAR METABOLISM, 59, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101464
    Journal articles | 2022
    Metcalfe LK; Shepherd PR; Smith GC; Turner N, 2022, 'Limited Metabolic Effect of the CREBRFR457Q Obesity Variant in Mice', Cells, 11, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030497
    Journal articles | 2022
    Walter S; Ho J; Alvarado R; Smith G; Croucher DR; Liang S; Grayson JW; Mangussi-Gomes J; Van Es SL; Earls P; Rimmer J; Campbell R; Kalish L; Sacks R; Harvey RJ, 2022, 'Mepolizumab decreases tissue eosinophils while increasing type-2 cytokines in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis', Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 52, pp. 1403 - 1413, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.14152
    Journal articles | 2021
    Shariev A; Menounos S; Laos AJ; Laxman P; Lai D; Hua S; Zinger A; McRae CR; Casbolt LS; Combes V; Smith G; Hung TT; Dixon KM; Thordarson P; Mason RS; Das A, 2021, 'Skin protective and regenerative effects of RM191A, a novel superoxide dismutase mimetic', Redox Biology, 38, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101790
    Journal articles | 2021
    Uebel K; Iqbal MP; Carland J; Smith G; Islam MS; Shulruf B; Nathan S, 2021, 'Factors Determining Medical Students’ Experience in an Independent Research Year During the Medical Program', Medical Science Educator, 31, pp. 1471 - 1478, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01340-9
    Journal articles | 2020
    Kim L-J; Chalmers TJ; Madawala R; Smith GC; Li C; Das A; Keung Poon EW; Wang J; Tucker SP; Sinclair DA; Quek L-E; Wu LE, 2020, 'Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) deamidation by host-microbiome interactions', , http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.289561
    Journal articles | 2020
    Metcalfe LK; Krishnan M; Turner N; Yaghootkar H; Merry TL; Dewes O; Hindmarsh JH; De Zoysa J; Dalbeth N; Stamp LK; Merriman TR; Smith G; Shepherd P; Murphy R, 2020, 'The Māori and Pacific specific CREBRF variant and adult height', International Journal of Obesity, 44, pp. 748 - 752, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0437-6
    Journal articles | 2020
    Prodhan UK; Pundir S; Chiang VSC; Milan AM; Barnett MPG; Smith GC; Markworth JF; Knowles SO; Cameron-smith D, 2020, 'Comparable postprandial amino acid and gastrointestinal hormone responses to beef steak cooked using different methods: A randomised crossover trial', Nutrients, 12, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020380
    Journal articles | 2019
    Abdel Shaheed C; Carland JE; Graham GG; Stocker SL; Smith G; Hicks M; Williams KM; Furlong T; Macdonald P; Greenfield JR; Smith FC; Chowdhury G; Day RO, 2019, 'Is the use of metformin in patients undergoing dialysis hazardous for life? A systematic review of the safety of metformin in patients undergoing dialysis', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 85, pp. 2772 - 2783, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14107
    Journal articles | 2019
    Metcalfe LK; Shepherd PR; Smith GC; Turner N, 2019, 'Metabolic characterisation of knock-in mice harbouring the ‘obesity variant’ of CREBRF', Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 13, pp. 288 - 288, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2018.11.154
    Journal articles | 2019
    Metcalfe LK; Smith GC; Turner N, 2019, 'Defining lipid mediators of insulin resistance: controversies and challenges', JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY, 62, pp. R65 - R82, http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JME-18-0023
    Journal articles | 2017
    Chowdhury MKH; Turner N; Bentley NL; Das A; Wu LE; Richani D; Bustamante S; Gilchrist RB; Morris MJ; Shepherd PR; Smith GC, 2017, 'Niclosamide reduces glucagon sensitivity via hepatic PKA inhibition in obese mice: Implications for glucose metabolism improvements in type 2 diabetes', Scientific Reports, 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40159
    Journal articles | 2017
    Larsen PS; Donges CE; Guelfi KJ; Smith GC; Adams DR; Duffield R, 2017, 'Effects of aerobic, strength or combined exercise on perceived appetite and appetite-related hormones in inactive middle-aged men', International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 27, pp. 389 - 398, http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0144
    Journal articles | 2017
    Rewcastle GW; Kolekar S; Buchanan CM; Gamage SA; Giddens AC; Tsang KY; Kendall JD; Singh R; Lee WJ; Smith GC; Han W; Matthews DJ; Denny WA; Shepherd PR; Jamieson SMF, 2017, 'Biological characterization of SN32976, a selective inhibitor of PI3κ and mTOR with preferential activity to PI3κα, in comparison to established pan PI3κ inhibitors', Oncotarget, 8, pp. 47725 - 47740, http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17730
    Journal articles | 2017
    Smith GC, 2017, 'FOX01 Is the Headline Akt Regulating Hepatic Glucose Metabolism', Endocrinology, 158, pp. 2436 - 2438, http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2017-00525
    Journal articles | 2016
    Chowdhury MKH; Wu LE; Coleman JLJ; Smith NJ; Morris MJ; Shepherd PR; Smith GC, 2016, 'Niclosamide blocks glucagon phosphorylation of Ser552 on β-catenin in primary rat hepatocytes via PKA signalling', Biochemical Journal, 473, pp. 1247 - 1255, http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160121
    Journal articles | 2016
    Dent JR; Chowdhury MKH; Tchijov S; Dulson D; Smith G, 2016, 'Interleukin-6 is a negative regulator of hepatic glucose production in the isolated rat liver', Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 122, pp. 103 - 109, http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813455.2016.1146773
    Journal articles | 2016
    Mayfield K; Siskind D; Winckel K; Russell AW; Kisely S; Smith G; Hollingworth S, 2016, 'Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists combating clozapine-associated obesity and diabetes', Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30, pp. 227 - 236, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881115625496
    Journal articles | 2016
    Smith GC, 2016, 'Acute Changes in Non-esterified Fatty Acids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Bariatric Surgery', Obesity Surgery, 27, pp. 649 - 656, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-016-2323-9
    Journal articles | 2016
    Thomas F; Smith GC; Lu J; Babor R; Booth M; Beban G; Chase JG; Murphy R, 2016, 'Differential Acute Impacts of Sleeve Gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and Matched Caloric Restriction Diet on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Effectiveness and Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes', Obesity Surgery, 26, pp. 1924 - 1931, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-015-2038-3
    Journal articles | 2015
    Chowdhury MKH; Montgomery MK; Morris MJ; Cognard E; Shepherd PR; Smith GC, 2015, 'Glucagon phosphorylates serine 552 of β-catenin leading to increased expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc in the isolated rat liver', Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 121, pp. 88 - 96, http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813455.2015.1048693
    Journal articles | 2015
    Du X; Zhang Y; Jo SR; Liu X; Qi Y; Osborne B; Byrne FL; Smith GC; Turner N; Hoehn KL; Brown AJ; Yang H, 2015, 'Akt activation increases cellular cholesterol by promoting the proteasomal degradation of Niemann-Pick C1', Biochemical Journal, 471, pp. 243 - 253, http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20150602
    Journal articles | 2015
    Murphy R; Smith G; Isaac I; Hutchinson D; Semple RK, 2015, 'Novel mutation in insulin receptor gene identified after muscle biopsy in a Niuean woman with severe insulin resistance', Diabetic Medicine, 32, pp. e24 - e28, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dme.12707
    Journal articles | 2015
    Nuora A; Chiang VSC; Milan AM; Tarvainen M; Pundir S; Quek SY; Smith GC; Markworth JF; Ahotupa M; Cameron-Smith D; Linderborg KM, 2015, 'The impact of beef steak thermal processing on lipid oxidation and postprandial inflammation related responses', Food Chemistry, 184, pp. 57 - 64, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.059
    Journal articles | 2014
    Albert BB; Derraik JGB; Brennan CM; Biggs JB; Smith GC; Garg ML; Cameron-Smith D; Hofman PL; Cutfield WS, 2014, 'Higher omega-3 index is associated with increased insulin sensitivity and more favourable metabolic profile in middle-aged overweight men', Scientific Reports, 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06697
    Journal articles | 2014
    Donges CE; Duffield R; Smith GC; Short MJ; Edge JA, 2014, 'Cytokine mRNA expression responses to resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise in sedentary middle-aged men', Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 39, pp. 130 - 137, http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0076
    Journal articles | 2014
    Jüllig M; Yip S; Xu A; Smith G; Middleditch M; Booth M; Babor R; Beban G; Murphy R, 2014, 'Lower Fetuin-A, retinol binding protein 4 and several metabolites after gastric bypass compared to sleeve gastrectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes', PLoS ONE, 9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096489
    Journal articles | 2014
    Smith GC; McEwen H; Steinberg JD; Shepherd PR, 2014, 'The activation of the Akt/PKB signalling pathway in the brains of clozapine-exposed rats is linked to hyperinsulinemia and not a direct drug effect', Psychopharmacology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3608-0
    Journal articles | 2014
    Smith GC; Zhang ZY; Mulvey T; Petersen N; Lach S; Xiu P; Phillips A; Han W; Wang MW; Shepherd PR, 2014, 'Clozapine directly increases insulin and glucagon secretion from islets: Implications for impairment of glucose tolerance', Schizophrenia Research, 157, pp. 128 - 133, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.003
    Journal articles | 2013
    Donges CE; Duffield R; Guelfi KJ; Smith GC; Adams DR; Edge JA, 2013, 'Comparative effects of single-mode vs. duration-matched concurrent exercise training on body composition, low-grade inflammation, and glucose regulation in sedentary, overweight, middle-aged men', Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 38, pp. 779 - 788, http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0443
    Journal articles | 2013
    Smith G, 2013, 'How do antipsychotic drugs cause diabetes and obesity?', Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 7, pp. e41 - e41, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2013.12.579
    Journal articles | 2013
    Smith GC; Ong WK; Costa JL; Watson M; Cornish J; Grey A; Gamble GD; Dickinson M; Leung S; Rewcastle GW; Han W; Shepherd PR, 2013, 'Extended treatment with selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR inhibitors has effects on metabolism, growth, behaviour and bone strength', FEBS Journal, 280, pp. 5337 - 5349, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.12428
    Journal articles | 2013
    Yip S; Murphy R; Signal M; Chase JG; Smith G; Beban G; Booth M; Babor R, 2013, 'Lower Glycemic Fluctuations Early After Bariatric Surgery Partially Explained by Caloric Restriction', Obesity Surgery, pp. 1 - 9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-013-1043-7
    Journal articles | 2012
    Donges CE; Burd NA; Duffield R; Smith GC; West DWD; Short MJ; Mackenzie R; Plank LD; Shepherd PR; Phillips SM; Edge JA, 2012, 'Concurrent resistance and aerobic exercise stimulates both myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis in sedentary middle-aged men', Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, pp. 1992 - 2001, http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00166.2012
    Journal articles | 2012
    Smith GC; Ong WK; Rewcastle GW; Kendall JD; Han W; Shepherd PR, 2012, 'Effects of acutely inhibiting PI3K isoforms and mTOR on regulation of glucose metabolism in vivo', Biochemical Journal, 442, pp. 161 - 169, http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20111913
    Journal articles | 2012
    de Bock M; Derraik J; Brennan C; Biggs J; Smith G; Cameron-Smith D; Wall C; Cutfield W, 2012, 'Psyllium supplementation improves parameters of the metabolic syndrome: A randomized, participant-blinded, placebo controlled, crossover trial', Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 6, pp. 54 - 54, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.110
    Journal articles | 2012
    de Bock M; Derraik JGB; Brennan CM; Biggs JB; Smith GC; Cameron-Smith D; Wall CR; Cutfield WS, 2012, 'Psyllium supplementation in adolescents improves fat distribution & lipid profile: A randomized, participant-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial', PLoS ONE, 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041735
    Journal articles | 2011
    Costa JL; Smith G; Watson M; Lin JM; Callon K; Gamble G; Cheng A; Vickers MH; Shepherd PR; Cornish J; Grey A, 2011, 'The atypical anti-psychotic clozapine decreases bone mass in rats in vivo', Schizophrenia Research, 126, pp. 291 - 297, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.024
    Journal articles | 2011
    Smith GC; Konycheva G; Dziadek MA; Ravelich SR; Patel S; Reddy S; Breier BH; Vickers MH; Owens JA; Ferguson LR, 2011, 'Pre-and postnatal methyl deficiency in the rat differentially alters glucose homeostasis', Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, 4, pp. 175 - 191, http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000330227
    Journal articles | 2011
    Smith GC; Vickers MH; Shepherd PR, 2011, 'Olanzapine effects on body composition, food preference, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the rat', Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 117, pp. 241 - 249, http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813455.2011.576681
    Journal articles | 2009
    Smith GC; Vickers MH; Cognard E; Shepherd PR, 2009, 'Clozapine and quetiapine acutely reduce glucagon-like peptide-1 production and increase glucagon release in obese rats: Implications for glucose metabolism and food choice behaviour', Schizophrenia Research, 115, pp. 30 - 40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.07.011
    Journal articles | 2008
    Smith GC; Chaussade C; Vickers M; Jensen J; Shepherd PR, 2008, 'Atypical antipsychotic drugs induce derangements in glucose homeostasis by acutely increasing glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose output in the rat', Diabetologia, 51, pp. 2309 - 2317, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1152-3
    Journal articles | 2008
    Smith GC; Chaussade C; Vickers M; Shepherd PR, 2008, 'Second generation antipsychotic medications induce type 2 diabete like syndrome by increasing hepatic glucose output and subsequently insulin secretion: Implications for mechanism of drug action', European Psychiatry, 23, pp. S169 - S169, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.967
  • Preprints | 2021
    Lee K; Vakili S; Burden HJ; Adams S; Smith GC; Kulatea B; Wright-McNaughton M; Sword D; Watene-O’Sullivan C; Atiola RD; Paul RG; Plank LD; Wilcox P; Kallingappa P; Merriman TR; Krebs JD; Hall RM; Murphy R; Merry TL; Shepherd PR, 2021, The minor allele of the CREBRF rs373863828 p.R457Q coding variant is associated with reduced levels of myostatin in males: Implications for body composition, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.13.21260462
    Preprints | 2020
    Kim L-J; Chalmers T; Smith G; Li C; Das A; Poon WKE; Wang J; Tucker S; Sinclair D; Quek L-E; Wu L, 2020, Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) deamidation and indirect regulation of the NAD metabolome, , http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-87047/v1
    Conference Abstracts | 2017
    Chowdhury MKH; Morris M; Turner N; Wu L; Shepherd P; Smith G, 2017, 'Niclosamide blocks glucagon phosphorylation of serine 552 on beta-catenin leading to decrease target genes expression and improve glucose metabolism via PKA signalling pathway', in FASEB JOURNAL, WILEY, IL, Chicago, Vol. 31, presented at Experimental Biology (EB) Annual Meeting, IL, Chicago, 22 April 2017 - 26 April 2017, https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000405461402087&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=891bb5ab6ba270e68a29b250adbe88d1
    Conference Papers | 2014
    Smith GP; Mack M, 2014, 'Practical Considerations for Interpreting Flood Hazard', in Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 2014, Engineers Australia, Perth, pp. 293 - 301, presented at 35th Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Perth, 24 February 2014 - 27 February 2014, http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=389233953218405;res=IELENG
    Conference Papers | 2012
    Riley M; Smith GP; Wasko CD, 2012, 'Review of flood hazard prediction on urban floodplains', in Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 2012, Sydney, NSW, pp. 628 - 636, presented at Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 2012, Sydney, NSW, 19 November 2012 - 22 November 2012
    Conference Papers | 2011
    Jamieson SM; Smith GC; Kolekar S; Lee W-J; Singh R; Buchanan C; Denny WA; Han W; Kendall JD; Rewcastle GW; Shepherd PR, 2011, 'Abstract B162: Inhibition of the p110α isoform of PI 3-kinase prevents PIK3CA H1047R mutant tumor growth but is associated with impaired glucose metabolism.', in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), pp. B162 - B162, presented at Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics--Nov 12-16, 2011; San Francisco, CA, http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-b162
    Conference Papers | 2011
    Rahman P; Sharma A; Smith G, 2011, 'Estimating design floods for gauged urban catchments under climate change conditions case study: Cooks river, Sydney', in 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, pp. 356 - 363
    Conference Papers | 2011
    Shand TD; Smith G; Cox RJ; Blacka MJ, 2011, 'Development of appropriate criteria for the safety and stability of persons and vehicles in floods', in Proceedings of Hydrology and water resources, 34th IAHR World Congress, Engineers Australia, Canberra, Australia, presented at Hydrology and Water resources, 34th IAHR World Congress, Brisbane, -